Diabetic
ketoacidosis is an acute and significant increase of diabetes
constitute a threat to the lives of diabetics, ketoacidosis and occurs
mainly in a patient with type I diabetes, may also occur in some
patients with type II diabetes.
Is known as diabetic ketoacidosis case sharp - for diabetes high non-controlled - the need for urgent treatment with insulin and fluids given to patients intravenously, it happens when it increases the concentration of ketones than 5 ms equivalent / liter (5 milliequivalent \ liter) and increases the level of blood sugar for 250 ml g / 100 ml blood, and less acid pH of the blood (blood pH) of 7.2, and the blood bicarbonate at a level equivalent to 18 ms / l or less.
Pathophysiology
Ketoacidosis is a state of metabolic metabolic state turbulent and complex is characterized by high blood sugar levels, and acidosis, and albuminuria ketone ketonuria, which is caused by insulin deficiency coupled with hormones regulatory counter (glucagon, and cortisol, and growth hormone, and epinephrine), and this type of hormonal imbalance increases the decomposition of glycogen glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis liver gluconeogenesis and lipid decomposition of lipolysis.
Decomposition of glycogen and gluconeogenesis the liver due to a lack of insulin and increase hormone regulatory anti lead to increased high level of blood sugar, while increasing decomposition of grease from the level of free fatty acids with serum blood free fatty acids, also increases the metabolism of fatty acids liver - as an alternative source of energy - and the resulting media pool and the acidic products (ketones ketones, acids and ketone ketoacids), ketones include acetone and acetone, and beta hydroxy Baotharit beta hydroxybutyrate, aceto acetate and acetoacetate.
Increasingly high blood concentration of these organic acids leads to a state at the outset of the presence of ketones blood ketonemia.
The body's natural protective mechanisms could be in the early stages to reduce the presence of ketones in blood.
When you exceed the pool ketones ability of the body taken away, they flow with the urine, causing albuminuria ketone, and when not to speed treatment of this case, collect more organic acids leads to the appearance of signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis metabolic acidosis (ketoacidosis) with a decrease of the pH of the acid and bicarbonate serum blood.
Result in compensation for respiratory acidosis ketoacidosis to rapid and shallow breathing (Kussmaul breathing Kussmaul respiration).
Ketones cause nausea and vomiting, leading to increased loss of fluids and salts from the body.
Cause the smell of ketones in patients with self fruit ketoacidosis.
Occur because of glycosuria glycosuria exceeded the ability of the kidneys re-absorb the sugar.
Increases water loss in urine due to diuresis Altnavve osmotic diuresis, and lead to dehydration, and thirst, and lack of body tissue blood flow, with the possibility of lactic acidosis lactic acidosis.
Loss occurs for about 6 liters of water from the body or 100 ml / kg of body weight, and half this amount of fluid inside the cells and never lost the emergence of drought, while the other half of the water lost from the fluid outside the cells is responsible for the occurrence of drought.
Cause increased blood sugar levels, and diuresis Altnavve, excessive Osmolih serum serum hyperosmolarity, and metabolic acidosis severe disruptions Eharl electrolyte, most notably the loss of potassium from the cells of the body and out to the fluid between cells and loss of urine, and also the loss of sodium and chloride in urine.
Be the outcome of hyperthyroidism Osmolih serum, and dehydration, and acidosis is to increase the osmolarity osmolarity brain cells, which appear as a change level of awareness.
Is known as diabetic ketoacidosis case sharp - for diabetes high non-controlled - the need for urgent treatment with insulin and fluids given to patients intravenously, it happens when it increases the concentration of ketones than 5 ms equivalent / liter (5 milliequivalent \ liter) and increases the level of blood sugar for 250 ml g / 100 ml blood, and less acid pH of the blood (blood pH) of 7.2, and the blood bicarbonate at a level equivalent to 18 ms / l or less.
Pathophysiology
Ketoacidosis is a state of metabolic metabolic state turbulent and complex is characterized by high blood sugar levels, and acidosis, and albuminuria ketone ketonuria, which is caused by insulin deficiency coupled with hormones regulatory counter (glucagon, and cortisol, and growth hormone, and epinephrine), and this type of hormonal imbalance increases the decomposition of glycogen glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis liver gluconeogenesis and lipid decomposition of lipolysis.
Decomposition of glycogen and gluconeogenesis the liver due to a lack of insulin and increase hormone regulatory anti lead to increased high level of blood sugar, while increasing decomposition of grease from the level of free fatty acids with serum blood free fatty acids, also increases the metabolism of fatty acids liver - as an alternative source of energy - and the resulting media pool and the acidic products (ketones ketones, acids and ketone ketoacids), ketones include acetone and acetone, and beta hydroxy Baotharit beta hydroxybutyrate, aceto acetate and acetoacetate.
Increasingly high blood concentration of these organic acids leads to a state at the outset of the presence of ketones blood ketonemia.
The body's natural protective mechanisms could be in the early stages to reduce the presence of ketones in blood.
When you exceed the pool ketones ability of the body taken away, they flow with the urine, causing albuminuria ketone, and when not to speed treatment of this case, collect more organic acids leads to the appearance of signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis metabolic acidosis (ketoacidosis) with a decrease of the pH of the acid and bicarbonate serum blood.
Result in compensation for respiratory acidosis ketoacidosis to rapid and shallow breathing (Kussmaul breathing Kussmaul respiration).
Ketones cause nausea and vomiting, leading to increased loss of fluids and salts from the body.
Cause the smell of ketones in patients with self fruit ketoacidosis.
Occur because of glycosuria glycosuria exceeded the ability of the kidneys re-absorb the sugar.
Increases water loss in urine due to diuresis Altnavve osmotic diuresis, and lead to dehydration, and thirst, and lack of body tissue blood flow, with the possibility of lactic acidosis lactic acidosis.
Loss occurs for about 6 liters of water from the body or 100 ml / kg of body weight, and half this amount of fluid inside the cells and never lost the emergence of drought, while the other half of the water lost from the fluid outside the cells is responsible for the occurrence of drought.
Cause increased blood sugar levels, and diuresis Altnavve, excessive Osmolih serum serum hyperosmolarity, and metabolic acidosis severe disruptions Eharl electrolyte, most notably the loss of potassium from the cells of the body and out to the fluid between cells and loss of urine, and also the loss of sodium and chloride in urine.
Be the outcome of hyperthyroidism Osmolih serum, and dehydration, and acidosis is to increase the osmolarity osmolarity brain cells, which appear as a change level of awareness.
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