Organization
abnormal sugar maternal happens when 3-10% of pregnancies, studies
indicate an increase in diabetes among women of childbearing age, and
believes that this increase is due to lifestyle inert, and changes in
food systems, and increased risk factors, and obesity. Gestational
diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus is the varying degrees of
non-absorption of glucose or with glucose intolerance, which are
beginning to identify its presence during pregnancy.
And gestational diabetes represents about 90% of cases of diabetes during pregnancy, and the second type of sugar is about 8% of cases during pregnancy, and diabetes that is present before pregnancy, represents about 1% of the sugar in pregnant women.
And children born to mothers with diabetes before pregnancy have a greater risk of exposure to infections during childbirth, and also for caesarean delivery, and to enter the newborn intensive care unit, and studies suggest that exposure to this risk increases with increasing the level of blood sugar in the mother, and for this reason, the illness of the mother and child because of the sugar during pregnancy are considered to be at the prevention of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Pathophysiology
Going through a pregnant woman with every meal with a series of complex interactions of hormonal (increased blood glucose, the secretion of insulin from the pancreas, the secretion of glucagon, and the secretion of Alsomatutedinat somatomedins, and Katekolaminac gland over total adrenal catecholamines) and these interactions provide a glucose sufficient - and non-plus - for the mother and fetus.
Pregnant women happen to them down the sugar (the average blood sugar 65 to 75 mg / 100 ml blood) between meals and during sleep, occurs due to the continuing withdrawal of the fetus to the sugar glucose across the placenta from the mother's blood, even during periods of fasting or not eating, Increasingly, low blood sugar between meals a pregnant woman with the progress of pregnancy, the fetus with increased need for glucose.
Increase the level of hormones the placenta of steroids and peptides (such as estrogens estrogens, and progesterone, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone stimulant physical Milky placenta chorionic somatomammotropin) during the past three months, the middle and the last of the pregnancy, these hormones have an effect resistant to insulin action, and therefore escalate the need for insulin secretion with the pregnancy progresses, and the average secretion insulin within 24 hours in the last three months of pregnancy increased by 50% compared to its level at the non-pregnant lady.
Response when the pancreas to secrete insulin when the mother is not enough there is a decline of blood sugar in the mother and fetus, and it appears in the form of recurrent episodes of low blood sugar after a meal, and the majority of these seizures due to the rapid growth of the fetus.
The level of blood sugar in the mother and the fetus is accompanied by episodes of increased insulin blood of the fetus fetal hyperinsulinemia, and more than that of storing the food surplus, and cause an increase in fetal weight macrosomia, and the energy consumption associated with the transformation of glucose into fat caused a decrease in the level of oxygen the blood of the fetus.
Cause bouts of lack of oxygen flow waves of catecholamines from the gland above the kidney, and cause high blood pressure, hypertension, and alert the increase of red blood cells, and increased bilirubin after birth.
During normal pregnancy, blood sugar level at least up to about 75 mg / 100 ml blood in the Mediterranean, and the level of blood sugar after a meal is rarely less than 120 Mmla g / 100 ml blood, and reduces that of an increase in fetal weight.
Increasing weight of the fetus during pregnancy when diabetics for up to 20% at the low level of blood sugar two hours after a meal than 120 mg / 100 ml blood, and up to 35% when increasing the level of blood sugar after a meal than 160 mg / 100 ml blood.
And gestational diabetes represents about 90% of cases of diabetes during pregnancy, and the second type of sugar is about 8% of cases during pregnancy, and diabetes that is present before pregnancy, represents about 1% of the sugar in pregnant women.
And children born to mothers with diabetes before pregnancy have a greater risk of exposure to infections during childbirth, and also for caesarean delivery, and to enter the newborn intensive care unit, and studies suggest that exposure to this risk increases with increasing the level of blood sugar in the mother, and for this reason, the illness of the mother and child because of the sugar during pregnancy are considered to be at the prevention of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Pathophysiology
Going through a pregnant woman with every meal with a series of complex interactions of hormonal (increased blood glucose, the secretion of insulin from the pancreas, the secretion of glucagon, and the secretion of Alsomatutedinat somatomedins, and Katekolaminac gland over total adrenal catecholamines) and these interactions provide a glucose sufficient - and non-plus - for the mother and fetus.
Pregnant women happen to them down the sugar (the average blood sugar 65 to 75 mg / 100 ml blood) between meals and during sleep, occurs due to the continuing withdrawal of the fetus to the sugar glucose across the placenta from the mother's blood, even during periods of fasting or not eating, Increasingly, low blood sugar between meals a pregnant woman with the progress of pregnancy, the fetus with increased need for glucose.
Increase the level of hormones the placenta of steroids and peptides (such as estrogens estrogens, and progesterone, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone stimulant physical Milky placenta chorionic somatomammotropin) during the past three months, the middle and the last of the pregnancy, these hormones have an effect resistant to insulin action, and therefore escalate the need for insulin secretion with the pregnancy progresses, and the average secretion insulin within 24 hours in the last three months of pregnancy increased by 50% compared to its level at the non-pregnant lady.
Response when the pancreas to secrete insulin when the mother is not enough there is a decline of blood sugar in the mother and fetus, and it appears in the form of recurrent episodes of low blood sugar after a meal, and the majority of these seizures due to the rapid growth of the fetus.
The level of blood sugar in the mother and the fetus is accompanied by episodes of increased insulin blood of the fetus fetal hyperinsulinemia, and more than that of storing the food surplus, and cause an increase in fetal weight macrosomia, and the energy consumption associated with the transformation of glucose into fat caused a decrease in the level of oxygen the blood of the fetus.
Cause bouts of lack of oxygen flow waves of catecholamines from the gland above the kidney, and cause high blood pressure, hypertension, and alert the increase of red blood cells, and increased bilirubin after birth.
During normal pregnancy, blood sugar level at least up to about 75 mg / 100 ml blood in the Mediterranean, and the level of blood sugar after a meal is rarely less than 120 Mmla g / 100 ml blood, and reduces that of an increase in fetal weight.
Increasing weight of the fetus during pregnancy when diabetics for up to 20% at the low level of blood sugar two hours after a meal than 120 mg / 100 ml blood, and up to 35% when increasing the level of blood sugar after a meal than 160 mg / 100 ml blood.
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